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Ratio compares two quantities. Proportion says two ratios are equal.
a:b::c:d means a/b = c/d (Product of extremes = Product of means: ad = bc)
Formula:
a:b = a/b. If a:b = 2:3, then a = 2k, b = 3k for some k
Example:
Ratio 3:5, sum is 80. Find numbers.
3k + 5k = 80, k = 10. Numbers are 30 and 50.